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Notes

1. Clustering arises because patients within a practice often receive care that is similar to that received by other patients served by the practice, but different from the care received by patients in other practices. This means that patients from a given practice cannot necessarily be considered statistically independent from one another, and the effective size of the patient sample is decreased.
2. A control group is a comparison group that is selected randomly from the set of potential practices eligible to implement the study.

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October 2014